Deficiencies and toxicities

Alkalinity

Alkalinity

Alkalinity impairs plant growth by obstructing root development and restricting water supply to the roots. This leads to various nutrient deficiencies

Aluminum (Al) toxicity

Aluminum (Al) toxicity

Aluminum toxicity in soil inhibits the growth of plant shoots by causing nutrient deficiencies in Magnesium, Calcium, and Phosphorus

Boron (B) deficiency

Boron (B) deficiency

Lack of Boron affects the plant's biological processes. This can cause rolled leaves, death of growing points, reduced plant height, and even inability to produce panicles

Boron (B) toxicity

Boron (B) toxicity

Boron toxicity is a rare condition that usually occurs during dry season when there is high boron content in groundwater

Calcium (Ca) deficiency

Calcium (Ca) deficiency

Calcium deficiency results in impaired root function. It can also lead to Iron toxicity

Copper (Cu) deficiency

Copper (Cu) deficiency

Copper deficiency affects photosynthesis and respiration. This can lead to sterility of spikelets and many unfilled grains

Herbicide toxicity

Herbicide toxicity

Herbicide toxicity leads to poor crop emergence, root damage, and possibly whiteheads

Iron (Fe) deficiency

Iron (Fe) deficiency

Iron deficient crops are not able to produce enough amounts of chlorophyll. Infected plants are usually yellow in color

Iron (Fe) toxicity

Iron (Fe) toxicity

Iron toxicity can occur when large amounts of iron accumulate after flooding. It targets the roots and causes leaves to bronze and dry up

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency

Magnesium deficiency affects several enzyme activities in plants and may reduce grain quality

Manganese (Mn) deficiency

Manganese (Mn) deficiency

Manganese deficiency affects photosynthesis and protein synthesis

Manganese (Mn) toxicity

Manganese (Mn) toxicity

Manganese toxicity affects the plants' metabolic processes which can lead to sterility in plants

Nitrogen (N) deficiency

Nitrogen (N) deficiency

N deficiency affects all the parameters contributing to yield: be familiarized with the symptoms and prevent it

Nitrogen (N) excess

Nitrogen (N) excess

When plants receive too much nitrogen, they become more attractive to insects and diseases

Phosphorus (P) deficiency

Phosphorus (P) deficiency

Phosphorus deficiency affects tillering, root development, early flowering, and ripening

Potassium (K) deficiency

Potassium (K) deficiency

Potassium deficiency affects photosynthesis. Affected crops are usually short and discolored

Silicon (Si) deficiency

Silicon deficiency affects the development of strong leaves, stems, and roots

Sulfur (S) deficiency

Sulfur (S) deficiency

Sulfur deficiency affects chlorophyll production, protein synthesis, and plant function and structure

Sulfide toxicity

Sulfide toxicity reduces nutrient uptake of plants by reducing root respiration

Zinc (Zn) deficiency

Zinc (Zn) deficiency

Zinc deficiency affects several biochemical processes in the rice plant, thus severely affecting plant growth